Cell Reports Medicine, 2023
We provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
This perspective examines how pregnancy-related microbial shifts, both natural andprobiotic-induced, affect maternal and fetal health and highlights potential opportunities for theinnovative use of probiotics during the gestation period
WP_Query Object
(
[query] => Array
(
[post_type] => publication
[posts_per_page] => 5
[type] =>
[area] =>
[committee] => Probiotics
[authors] =>
[showtitle] =>
[meta_query] => Array
(
[relation] => AND
)
[tax_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[taxonomy] => ilsi_committee
[field] => name
[terms] => Probiotics
)
)
[paged] => 3
[meta_key] => _ilsi_date
[orderby] => meta_value
[order] => ASC
)
[query_vars] => Array
(
[post_type] => publication
[posts_per_page] => 5
[type] =>
[area] =>
[committee] => Probiotics
[authors] =>
[showtitle] =>
[meta_query] => Array
(
[relation] => AND
)
[tax_query] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[taxonomy] => ilsi_committee
[field] => name
[terms] => Probiotics
)
)
[paged] => 3
[meta_key] => _ilsi_date
[orderby] => meta_value
[order] => ASC
[error] =>
[m] =>
[p] => 0
[post_parent] =>
[subpost] =>
[subpost_id] =>
[attachment] =>
[attachment_id] => 0
[name] =>
[pagename] =>
[page_id] => 0
[second] =>
[minute] =>
[hour] =>
[day] => 0
[monthnum] => 0
[year] => 0
[w] => 0
[category_name] =>
[tag] =>
[cat] =>
[tag_id] =>
[author] =>
[author_name] =>
[feed] =>
[tb] =>
[meta_value] =>
[preview] =>
[s] =>
[sentence] =>
[title] =>
[fields] => all
[menu_order] =>
=>
[category__in] => Array
(
)
[category__not_in] => Array
(
)
[category__and] => Array
(
)
[post__in] => Array
(
)
[post__not_in] => Array
(
)
[post_name__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__in] => Array
(
)
[tag__not_in] => Array
(
)
[tag__and] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__in] => Array
(
)
[tag_slug__and] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__in] => Array
(
)
[post_parent__not_in] => Array
(
)
[author__in] => Array
(
)
[author__not_in] => Array
(
)
[search_columns] => Array
(
)
[ignore_sticky_posts] =>
[suppress_filters] =>
[cache_results] => 1
[update_post_term_cache] => 1
[update_menu_item_cache] =>
[lazy_load_term_meta] => 1
[update_post_meta_cache] => 1
[nopaging] =>
[comments_per_page] => 50
[no_found_rows] =>
[taxonomy] => ilsi_committee
[term_id] => Probiotics
)
[tax_query] => WP_Tax_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[taxonomy] => ilsi_committee
[terms] => Array
(
[0] => Probiotics
)
[field] => name
[operator] => IN
[include_children] => 1
)
)
[relation] => AND
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
[0] => wp_3_term_relationships
)
[queried_terms] => Array
(
[ilsi_committee] => Array
(
[terms] => Array
(
[0] => Probiotics
)
[field] => name
)
)
[primary_table] => wp_3_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
)
[meta_query] => WP_Meta_Query Object
(
[queries] => Array
(
[0] => Array
(
[key] => _ilsi_date
)
[relation] => OR
)
[relation] => AND
[meta_table] => wp_3_postmeta
[meta_id_column] => post_id
[primary_table] => wp_3_posts
[primary_id_column] => ID
[table_aliases:protected] => Array
(
[0] => wp_3_postmeta
)
[clauses:protected] => Array
(
[wp_3_postmeta] => Array
(
[key] => _ilsi_date
[compare] => =
[compare_key] => =
[alias] => wp_3_postmeta
[cast] => CHAR
)
)
[has_or_relation:protected] =>
)
[date_query] =>
[request] => SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_3_posts.ID
FROM wp_3_posts LEFT JOIN wp_3_term_relationships ON (wp_3_posts.ID = wp_3_term_relationships.object_id) INNER JOIN wp_3_postmeta ON ( wp_3_posts.ID = wp_3_postmeta.post_id )
WHERE 1=1 AND (
wp_3_term_relationships.term_taxonomy_id IN (202)
) AND (
wp_3_postmeta.meta_key = '_ilsi_date'
) AND ((wp_3_posts.post_type = 'publication' AND (wp_3_posts.post_status = 'publish' OR wp_3_posts.post_status = 'acf-disabled')))
GROUP BY wp_3_posts.ID
ORDER BY wp_3_postmeta.meta_value ASC
LIMIT 10, 5
[posts] => Array
(
[0] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 13549
[post_author] => 351
[post_date] => 2023-09-08 08:55:39
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-09-08 08:55:39
[post_content] =>
Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential of human gut microbiota imprinting, including probiotic engraftment at biological sensible niches. Here, we provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
This review focusses its narrative on the intimate relationship between the host and its bacterial constituents of the small and large intestine.
Dowload the full paper
or click on the images below to download the EG one-pager summary and graphical abstract
Commissioned by the Probiotics Task Force
[post_title] => Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => small-intestine-vs-colon-ecology-and-physiology-why-it-matters-in-probiotic-administration
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2023-09-08 12:36:10
[post_modified_gmt] => 2023-09-08 12:36:10
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://ilsi.eu/?post_type=publication&p=13549
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publication
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[1] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 15953
[post_author] => 351
[post_date] => 2025-06-03 12:39:08
[post_date_gmt] => 2025-06-03 12:39:08
[post_content] =>
Abstract
Pregnancy induces notable alterations in the gut, vaginal, and oral microbiota driven by hormonal,immune, metabolic, dietary, and environmental factors. During pregnancy, the gut microbiota ischaracterized by increased proportions of the genus Bifidobacterium and the phylaPseudomonadota (formerly Proteobacteria) and Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteria). Thesechanges occur alongside reduced alpha diversity and greater beta diversity, changes that influencematernal metabolism and fetal development. Shifts in gut and oral microbiota have been asso-ciated with complications such as preterm birth (PTB), pre-eclampsia, and gestational diabetes(GDM), though patterns are sometimes inconsistent. The vaginal microbiota remains Lactobacillus-dominant during pregnancy, with reduced diversity leading to reduced risk of pathogenic infectionand increased diversity has been linked with a higher risk of PTB. Hormonal changes also affect theoral microbiota, potentially increasing pathogenic species and contributing to adverse outcomeslike PTB. Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy has significant potential to reduce adversepregnancy outcomes; however, clinical studies are still limited. Probiotics may be effective inalleviating maternal constipation and lead to lower PTB risk, particularly by modulating the vaginalmicrobiota, but they have limited impact on GDM. In the context of maternal mental health, somestudies suggest benefits of probiotics in reducing anxiety, but effects on depression are incon-clusive. This perspective examines how pregnancy-related microbial shifts, both natural andprobiotic-induced, affect maternal and fetal health and highlights potential opportunities for theinnovative use of probiotics during the gestation period.
One pager
Read the full paper
This work was commissionned by the Probiotics Task Force
[post_title] => ILSI Europe perspective review: site-specific microbiota changes during pregnancy associated with biological consequences and clinical outcomes: opportunities for probiotic interventions
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => ilsi-europe-perspective-review-site-specific-microbiota-changes-during-pregnancy-associated-with-biological-consequences-and-clinical-outcomes-opportunities-for-probiotic-interventions
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2025-11-03 13:26:11
[post_modified_gmt] => 2025-11-03 13:26:11
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://ilsi.eu/?post_type=publication&p=15953
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publication
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
)
[post_count] => 2
[current_post] => -1
[before_loop] =>
[in_the_loop] =>
[post] => WP_Post Object
(
[ID] => 13549
[post_author] => 351
[post_date] => 2023-09-08 08:55:39
[post_date_gmt] => 2023-09-08 08:55:39
[post_content] =>
Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential of human gut microbiota imprinting, including probiotic engraftment at biological sensible niches. Here, we provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
This review focusses its narrative on the intimate relationship between the host and its bacterial constituents of the small and large intestine.
Dowload the full paper
or click on the images below to download the EG one-pager summary and graphical abstract
Commissioned by the Probiotics Task Force
[post_title] => Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration
[post_excerpt] =>
[post_status] => publish
[comment_status] => closed
[ping_status] => closed
[post_password] =>
[post_name] => small-intestine-vs-colon-ecology-and-physiology-why-it-matters-in-probiotic-administration
[to_ping] =>
[pinged] =>
[post_modified] => 2023-09-08 12:36:10
[post_modified_gmt] => 2023-09-08 12:36:10
[post_content_filtered] =>
[post_parent] => 0
[guid] => https://ilsi.eu/?post_type=publication&p=13549
[menu_order] => 0
[post_type] => publication
[post_mime_type] =>
[comment_count] => 0
[filter] => raw
)
[comment_count] => 0
[current_comment] => -1
[found_posts] => 12
[max_num_pages] => 3
[max_num_comment_pages] => 0
[is_single] =>
[is_preview] =>
[is_page] =>
[is_archive] => 1
[is_date] =>
[is_year] =>
[is_month] =>
[is_day] =>
[is_time] =>
[is_author] =>
[is_category] =>
[is_tag] =>
[is_tax] => 1
[is_search] =>
[is_feed] =>
[is_comment_feed] =>
[is_trackback] =>
[is_home] =>
[is_privacy_policy] =>
[is_404] =>
[is_embed] =>
[is_paged] => 1
[is_admin] =>
[is_attachment] =>
[is_singular] =>
[is_robots] =>
[is_favicon] =>
[is_posts_page] =>
[is_post_type_archive] =>
[query_vars_hash:WP_Query:private] => 17f0f01596aafec298979866c85dca03
[query_vars_changed:WP_Query:private] =>
[thumbnails_cached] =>
[allow_query_attachment_by_filename:protected] =>
[stopwords:WP_Query:private] =>
[compat_fields:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => query_vars_hash
[1] => query_vars_changed
)
[compat_methods:WP_Query:private] => Array
(
[0] => init_query_flags
[1] => parse_tax_query
)
[query_cache_key:WP_Query:private] => wp_query:431dd79aaed9cf5422b6793e58b6696a:0.34413300 17628728630.29155700 1762872863
)
