Intake of Selected Nutrients From Foods, From Fortification and From Supplements in Various European Countries


Food and Nutrition Research. 2009;(Suppl 1):1-51

Recent European Union regulation requires setting of maximum amount of micronutrients in dietary supplements or foods taking into account the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs) established by scientific risk assessment and population reference intakes.

The objective of the paper is to collect and evaluate recently available data on intakes of selected vitamins and minerals from conventional foods, food supplements and fortified foods in adults and children. Intake of calcium, copper, iodine, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, selenium, zinc, folic acid, niacin and total vitamin A/retinol, B6, D and E was derived from nationally representative surveys in various countries. Intake of high consumers, defined as the 95th percentile of each nutrient, was compared to the UL.

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