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                    [post_title] => Significance of Excursions of Intake Above the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
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                    [post_title] => Significance of Excursions of Intake Above the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI)
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                    [post_date] => 2023-09-08 08:55:39
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                    [post_content] => 

	
Research on gut microbiota has generally focused on fecal samples, representing luminal content of the large intestine. However, nutrient uptake is restricted to the small intestine. Abundant immune cell populations at this anatomical site combined with diminished mucus secretion and looser junctions (partly to allow for more efficient fluid and nutrient absorption) also results in intimate host-microbe interactions despite more rapid transit. It is thus crucial to dissect key differences in both ecology and physiology between small and large intestine to better leverage the immense potential of human gut microbiota imprinting, including probiotic engraftment at biological sensible niches. Here, we provide a detailed review unfolding how the physiological and anatomical differences between the small and large intestine affect gut microbiota composition, function, and plasticity. This information is key to understanding how gut microbiota manipulation, including probiotic administration, may strain-dependently transform host-microbe interactions at defined locations.
This review focusses its narrative on the intimate relationship between the host and its bacterial constituents of the small and large intestine.
			
							Dowload the full paper 
					
	
or click on the images below to download the EG one-pager summary and graphical abstract
				
				
				
				
				
				
	
Commissioned by the Probiotics Task Force 


                    [post_title] => Small intestine vs. colon ecology and physiology: Why it matters in probiotic administration
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                    [post_date] => 2022-07-04 11:37:57
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Together with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of the macronutrients in the human diet. Digestible carbohydrates, such as starch, starch-based products, sucrose, lactose, glucose and some sugar alcohols and unusual (and fairly rare) α-linked glucans, directly provide us with energy while other carbohydrates including high molecular weight polysaccharides, mainly from plant cell walls, provide us with dietary fibre. Carbohydrates which are efficiently digested in the small intestine are not available in appreciable quantities to act as substrates for gut bacteria. Some oligo- and polysaccharides, many of which are also dietary fibres, are resistant to digestion in the small intestines and enter the colon where they provide substrates for the complex bacterial ecosystem that resides there. This review will focus on these non-digestible carbohydrates (NDC) and examine their impact on the gut microbiota and their physiological impact. Of particular focus will be the potential of non-digestible carbohydrates to act as prebiotics, but the review will also evaluate direct effects of NDC on human cells and systems
			Keywords
							Expand
		
Prebiotics, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), non-digestible carbohydrates
	
To download this open-access article, please click here.
This work was commissioned by the Prebiotics Task Force.


                    [post_title] => Structure and function of non-digestible carbohydrates in the gut microbiome
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                    [post_title] => Structure-Based Thresholds of Toxicological Concern (TTC): Guidance for Application to Substances Present at Low Levels in the Diet
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