Process-Related Compounds and Natural Toxins

Improve scientific knowledge on contaminants in food to ensure safer food products

Background

As consumers are often exposed to naturally occurring contaminants and process-related compounds in their diets, it is crucial to investigate how these compounds are formed in order to improve how we detect and measure them and to assess their safety.

Upcoming

An ILSI Europe Report Series is being developed as a follow-up activity of the publication on ‘Impact of Food Processing on Mycotoxin Contamination’ (P. Karlovsky et al., 2016). It aims to provide industry with practical guidelines to mitigate mycotoxins.
A potential new activity on ‘Mycotoxin Mixtures, Their Combined Exposure and Risk for Public Health’ is being considered. It could focus on the assessment of in-vitro approaches used to assess the toxicology of mycotoxin mixtures and to provide recommendations to improve risk assessment.

What’s New

The upcoming workshop on Mineral Oils, jointly organised with the Packaging Materials Task Force, will address issues related to occurrence, analytical methods and health risk; across different sectors, e.g. food, packaging, cosmetic, lubricant.

Objectives

The task force aims to advance the scientific knowledge relating to such substances, particularly focusing on assessing their impact on human health. Key topics include consideration of toxicity, exposure, mitigation impact and analytical aspects.

Impact

Participate in highly impactful activities: our publication on masked mycotoxins (F. Berthiller et al., 2013) was cited more than 260 times, while our latest publication on mycotoxin mitigation (P. Karlovsky et al., 2016) was downloaded more than 6,100 times.
A webinar (M. Suman, I.P. Oswald, J. De Meester, 29th November 2016) organised in collaboration with International Association for Food Protection (IAFP) attracted more than 500 tripartite registrants from more than 60 different countries.

For more detailed information, please contact Mr Elias Rito at erito@ilsieurope.be

Task Force Members


Dr Michele Suman – Chair	Barilla G&R Fratelli	IT
Dr Neil Buck – Vice-Chair	General Mills	CH
Prof. Gerhard Eisenbrand – Co-Chair	University of Kaiserslautern	DE
Mr Helmut Günther	Mondelēz International	DE
Prof. Jana Hajšlová*	University of Chemistry and Technology	CZ
Dr Paul Hanlon	Abbott Nutrition	US
Dr Clare Hazel	Premier Foods	UK
Dr Matthias Heume	ADM	DE
Dr Gunhild Kozianowski	Südzucker Group	DE
Ms Monika Mainka	SGS	DE
Ms Sue O’Hagan	PepsiCo International	UK
Dr Gloria Pellegrino	Luigi Lavazza	IT
Dr Daniel Ribera	Cargill	BE
Dr Gerrit Speijers*	General Health Effects Toxicology Safety Food (GETS)	NL
Mr Elias Rito	ILSI Europe	BE

* Scientific Advisor

Expert Groups

Workshop − Mineral Oil Risk Assessment: Knowledge Gaps and Roadmap – New
In collaboration with the Packaging Materials Task Force

Objectives
This activity aims to bring together tripartite stakeholders across sectors − food, packaging, cosmetics and lubricants − to examine the current approaches used to establish the safety of mineral oil hydrocarbons. This will include identification of the data gaps on sources of exposure (both dietary and non-dietary) current analytical methodologies, approaches to risk assessment and potential mitigation risk management measures.

Activity
There is uncertainty about the exposure to mineral oils, how/what to measure and characterise, and ultimately what this exposure means in terms of consumer safety. There is consensus between multi-sector stakeholders for a need to address knowledge/data gaps on mineral oils. This activity will bring tripartite stakeholders together to share knowledge and define how best to address the knowledge gaps and uncertainties in the risk assessment.

Practical Guidance for Industry on the Use of Food Processing and Detoxification Treatments on Mycotoxin Contamination Report Series – New

Objectives
The aim of this activity is to form specific guidance for industry based on the scientific findings of the expert group on ‘Reactions and Potential Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing’ which were published in Mycotoxin Research.

Activity
This Report Series will help international food producers to adapt their processes and national/international official bodies to recommend mycotoxin mitigation treatment to food producers. This publication could be periodically enriched with new literature and extended to other commodities or innovative processes.

New Approaches to Exposure Assessment of Process-Related Contaminants in Food by Biomarker Monitoring Completed

Objectives
The development of new approaches for assessing human exposure to chemical contaminants increasingly rely on biomarker monitoring in easily accessible body fluids such as urine, saliva or blood. The advent of methodologies to monitor biomarkers of diet-related exposure to process-related compounds is expected to allow for a significant step forward in risk assessment, as well as supporting decision-making and prioritisation for risk mitigation. This activity aimed to critically assess the state-of-the-art with respect to the use of biomarkers of exposure for process contaminants such as acrylamide, 3-MCPD esters, glycidyl esters, furan and acrolein. These are all process contaminants of public health concern that have undergone or are undergoing safety assessments by risk assessment bodies. Ultimately, the objective would be to incorporate such quantitative exposure estimates into risk assessment to better define the public health risk and support risk management action.

Activity
The review considers how and where process-related contaminants are formed and their potential impact on human health. The current knowledge on urinary, blood and tissue biomarkers for each of the studied contaminants is summarised and, where available, Physiologically-Based Kinetic (PBK) models are also discussed. The potential for endogenous formation of these process contaminants is also considered. Data gaps, for these process contaminants that would need to be addressed in order to provide reliable and reproducible quantitative estimates of exposure via the use of their biomarkers, are identified.

Output
The activity reviewed the existing published data on biomarkers of exposure and proposed an approach to develop and validate biomarkers of dietary exposure to process contaminants with the help of, for example, duplicate diet studies. It develops guidance to aid the design of biomarker studies that can inform risk assessment authorities especially in relation to decisions on the need for risk management measures.

Reactions and Potential Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing – Completed

Objectives
Mycotoxins are toxic, secondary metabolites produced by fungi that significantly affect the quality, safety and yield of important crops used worldwide for food and feed. Recent evidence suggests that some food production processes lead to the reduction of levels of parent mycotoxins in finished products compared to the corresponding raw materials / ingredients.

Activity
The activity reviewed options to optimise or introduce additional food processing in order to reduce mycotoxin contamination of food and feed. The final goal was to minimise food and feed losses while maximising the safe use of crops.

Expected Output
The publication suggested food processes that can lower or eliminate the (parent) mycotoxins. It also summarised and analysed the data on different decontamination / detoxifying processes from food commodities. Finally, the impact of transformed mycotoxins leading to a lower mycotoxin concentration and a lower toxicity was illustrated and discussed.

Expert Group Members

Workshop − Mineral Oil Risk Assessment: Knowledge Gaps and Roadmap – New
In collaboration with the Packaging Materials Toxins Task Force


Ms Sue O’Hagan – Chair	PepsiCo International	UK
Dr Thomas Gude – Vice-Chair	Swiss Quality Testing Services	CH
Dr Maurizio Bonuomo	Consultant	IT
Dr Neil Buck	General Mills	CH
Mr Timothy Chandler	Food Standards Agency	UK
Dr Matthias Heume	ADM	DE
Dr Sander Koster	Nestlé	CH
Dr Francesca Lambertini	Barilla G&R Fratelli	IT
Dr Erich Leitner	Technical University Graz	AT
Ms Monika Mainka	SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH	DE
Dr Birgit Mertens	Scientific Institute of Public Health	BE
Dr Sabrina Moret	University of Udine	IT
Prof. Fatima Pocas	Portuguese Catholic University	PT
Prof. Thomas Simat	Technical University of Dresden	DE
Prof. An Vermeulen	University of Ghent	BE
Dr Lucie Geurts	ILSI Europe	BE
Mr Elias Rito	ILSI Europe	BE

Practical Guidance for Industry on the Use of Food Processing and Detoxification Treatments on Mycotoxin Contamination Report Series – New


Dr Philippe Pinton – Chair	National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA)	FR
Dr Michele Suman – Vice-Chair	Barilla G&R Fratelli	IT
Dr Neil Buck	General Mills	CH
Dr Luca Dellafiora	University of Parma	IT
Dr Johan De Meester	Cargill	BE
Mr David Stadler	University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences	AT
Mr Elias Rito	ILSI Europe	BE

New Approaches to Exposure Assessment of Process-Related Contaminants in Food by Biomarker Monitoring – Completed


Prof. Ivonne Rietjens – Chair	University of Wageningen	NL
Dr Gabriele Scholz – Vice-Chair	Nestlé	CH
Dr Maria de Fatima Poças	Portuguese Catholic University	PT
Prof. Gerhard Eisenbrand	University of Kaiserlautern	DE
Mr Helmut Günther	Mondelēz International	DE
Dr Paul Hanlon	Abbott Nutrition	US
Dr Hiroshi Honda	Kao Corporation	JP
Prof. Angela Mally	University of Würzburg	DE
Ms Sue O’Hagan	PepsiCo International	UK
Dr Albrecht Seidel	Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens (BIU)	DE
Prof. James Swenberg	University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) Gillings School of Global Public Health	US
Dr Justin Teeguarden	Pacific Northwest National Laboratory	US
Mr Elias Rito	ILSI Europe	BE

Reactions and Potential Mitigation of Mycotoxins during Food Processing – Completed


Dr Michele Suman – Chair	Barilla G&R Fratelli	IT
Dr Gerrit Speijers – Vice-Chair	General Health Effects Toxicology Safety Food (GETS)	NL
Prof. Franz Berthiller	University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences	AT
Dr Johan De Meester	Cargill	BE
Prof. Gerhard Eisenbrand	University of Kaiserlautern	DE
Prof. Petr Karlovsky	University of Göttingen	DE
Dr Isabelle Oswald	National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA)	FR
Dr Irene Perrin	Nestlé	CH
Mr Elias Rito	ILSI Europe	BE

Publications

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All Publications

The Role of Hazard- and Risk-Based Approaches in Ensuring Food Safety

2015

ILSI Europe

Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2015;46(2) Part A:176-188. Supported by the following task forces: Emerging Microbiological Issues, Food Allergy, Food Intake Methodology, Novel Foods and Nanotechnology, Process Related Compounds and Natural Toxins, Risk Analysis in Food Microbiology, and Threshold of Toxicological Concern.

Analytical Approaches for MCPD Esters and Glycidyl Esters in Food and Biological Samples – A Review and Future Perspectives

2013

ILSI Europe

Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A. 2013;30(1):11-45. Commissioned by the Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food Task Force.

Europe